Tag: ExifTool

In a standard photo archive, the “Description” field is for captions. In an OCR archive, it becomes your transcription layer for OCR Documents

Tailoring IPTC metadata for OCR is an important step. When photos are digitized, metadata often focuses on the subjects pictured. However, when documents are digitized for Optical Character Recognition (OCR), metadata’s purpose shifts to data retrieval.

If you’re using camera digitization to build a searchable archive, your IPTC strategy must adapt. You’re no longer just tagging a “picture of paper”; you’re indexing a dataset.

1. OCR vs. Photo Metadata: The Key Differences

In a standard photo archive, the “Description” field is for captions. In an OCR archive, it becomes your transcription layer.

• The Transcription Field: Copy the raw text from your OCR engine directly into the IPTC Description or Alt-Text (Accessibility) field. Always begin with a confidence note, e.g., [OCR Confidence: 95%].
• Semantic vs. Literal Keywords: Use the IPTC Keywords field to add “normalized” terms not present in the text. For an 1850s land deed, add keywords like “Probate” and “Genealogy.” Include the modern names of the county and state to ensure discoverability in contemporary searches.
• The “Reliability” Flag: Use the IPTC Genre field to flag the document as “Type: Typed,” indicating High Search Reliability. Alternatively, use “Type: Manuscript,” which signifies that a Manual Review is required. This informs future users about the trustworthiness of automated search results.

2. The Archival XMP Sidecar Template

Advanced users working with RAW or TIFF files should use an XMP Sidecar file to manage their data. This small, XML-based text file resides alongside your image, ensuring your transcription remains with the file without modifying the original “master” image.

You can copy the template below into a blank text file and save it as [yourfilename].xmp to see how professional archives structure this data:

XML

<x:xmpmeta xmlns:x="adobe:ns:meta/">
 <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
  <rdf:Description rdf:about=""
    xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
    xmlns:photoshop="http://ns.adobe.com/photoshop/1.0/"
    xmlns:Iptc4xmpCore="http://iptc.org/std/Iptc4xmpCore/1.0/xmlns/">
   
   <dc:title>
    <rdf:Alt>
     <rdf:li xml:lang="x-default">1854 Last Will and Testament - Elizabeth Smith</rdf:li>
    </rdf:Alt>
   </dc:title>
   <dc:description>
    <rdf:Alt>
     <rdf:li xml:lang="x-default">[OCR Transcript Start] In the name of God, Amen. I, Elizabeth Smith... [OCR Transcript End]</rdf:li>
    </rdf:Alt>
   </dc:description>
   <dc:subject>
    <rdf:Bag>
     <rdf:li>Genealogy</rdf:li>
     <rdf:li>Primary Source</rdf:li>
     <rdf:li>OCR-Verified</rdf:li>
    </rdf:Bag>
   </dc:subject>
   <Iptc4xmpCore:SubjectCode>
    <rdf:Bag>
     <rdf:li>en-US</rdf:li>
    </rdf:Bag>
   </Iptc4xmpCore:SubjectCode>
   
   <photoshop:Source>Box 12, Family Trunk Archive</photoshop:Source>
  </rdf:Description>
 </rdf:RDF>
</x:xmpmeta>

3. How to Embed Metadata into Your Files (Free Tools)

Once you have your OCR text, how do you integrate it into your image files? Here are the best free tools for 2026:

Option A: Adobe Bridge (The Visual Choice)

Even without a Creative Cloud subscription, Adobe Bridge is available as a free standalone download.

1. Select your images.
2. Navigate to the Metadata Panel.
3. Paste your transcription into the Description field.
4. Utilize Metadata Templates to batch-apply keywords such as “Genealogy” or “OCR-Processed.”

Option B: ExifTool (The Professional Powerhouse)

For automating metadata injection across hundreds of files, ExifTool is the industry standard. To embed a transcription from a text file into an image, you can use a command similar to this: exiftool “-Description<transcript.txt” image.jpg

Option C: digiKam (The Open-Source Suite)

digiKam is a free, professional-grade photo management suite that seamlessly handles XMP sidecar files.

• Go to Settings > Configure digiKam > Metadata.
• Check “Write to XMP sidecar only” to safeguard your original RAW files. This option allows your OCR data to be stored in an easily readable external file.

Why This Matters

Embedding your OCR results now is crucial for future-proofing your archive. As AI-powered search tools become standard on our computers, these “tagged” documents will be instantly discoverable. This transforms your collection of “pictures of old paper” into a fully searchable private library.

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These posts are provided to guide you to an understanding of the use of optical character recognition in digitizing your documents and letters.

The OCR-Metadata Bridge: Beyond Basic Descriptions

OCR Mastery: Camera Digitizing for Searchable Archives

Confused by any technical jargon in this guide? Check out my [Full 55-Term Jargon-Free Glossary] to get clear, simple definitions of all the archiving terms used here.

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External Links

To help you deep-dive into advanced archival metadata workflows here are three highly relevant external links from the official standard-setters and digital preservation institutions:

• The IPTC Photo Metadata Standard Official SpecificationWhy it’s essential: This is the absolute source of truth maintained by the International Press Telecommunications Council. It defines the exact boundaries of the IPTC Core and Extension schemas, demonstrating how embedded tags operate internationally across different digital asset management (DAM) frameworks and platforms.
• The IPTC Photo Metadata User GuideWhy it’s essential: This practical guide breaks down the precise semantics, character limits, and behavioral traits of every single IPTC field. It is the perfect technical companion for showing advanced archivists how to route OCR transcriptions, custom search keywords, and granular administrative data into fields beyond the basic description or caption boxes.
• The University of British Columbia Indigitization Archival GuidelinesWhy it’s essential: This exhaustive, museum-grade institutional toolkit focuses on the practical application of metadata templates for digitized cultural heritage materials, fragile text records, and historical negatives. It offers excellent, real-world instruction on building preservation workflows that map complex text metadata directly into software like Adobe Bridge and Photoshop without breaking file structures.

These links will give you the technical depth you need to understand how professional archivists stretch IPTC tools to handle massive, text-heavy historical documents!